Summary of actions taken in human health in 2024 as part of the national strategy 2022-2025 for the prevention of infections and antibiotic resistance

📜🔗LINK to the source

1. ANALYTICAL SUMMARY

A threat driven by a strategy that is coming to an end. Antibiotic resistance is treated as a major public health threat, addressed by a national strategy 2022-2025 broken down into 9 axes, 42 actions and 100 sub-actions, led by the MMPIA (p.3). In 2024, this strategy was incorporated into a broader framework: the interministerial roadmap 2024-2034 "One Health" published on 11 September 2024, which articulates human, animal and environmental health. The target audiences are wide-ranging: the general public, patients and caregivers, professionals from all healthcare sectors (community, health establishments, ESMS), territorial actors (ARS, CPias, CRAtb) and international partners.

An inventory of devices and tools rather than a prescriptive action plan. The report provides a concrete inventory of resources produced or consolidated in 2024 by national missions (MATIS, PRIMO, SPARES, SPICMI, SPIADI): multimodal toolboxes, Bug.control application, a list of nearly 300 tools for the proper use of antibiotics, self-assessment tools (DAMRI, Eva-Gex, PREOP audits). It also documents directly usable regulatory developments: dispensing of antibiotics by pharmacists after TROD since June 2024, unit dispensing. For the field, the value lies in this guiding function: knowing what tool exists and where to find it.

2. KEY POINTS OF THE DOCUMENT

1. Hand hygiene remains indirectly measured by the ICSHA indicator (consumption of hydroalcoholic solutions): in 2024, 79% of health establishments achieved the consumption target (p.6). The HAS is concurrently developing a new indicator on the perception of patients hand hygiene, tested since May 2023, with the national report to be published in the second half of 2025 (p.6).

2. The SPARES mission launched in November 2024 a list of nearly 300 tools for the proper use of antibiotics (guidelines, audit grids, optimisation tools) on the RéPIA website, complemented by a census of around forty BUA training sessions (p.7-8). This is the most directly mobilisable resource from the report.

3. Since June 2024, community pharmacists can dispense certain antibiotics without a prescription after a positive rapid test for sore throat and for cystitis in women under 65 years old (p.9). A concrete regulatory evolution changing the patient pathway in the community.

4. Several self-assessment tools are operational and free: DAMRI (mapping of infectious risks in ESMS), Eva-Gex (management of excreta, tested in 464 establishments, free access until September 2025), PREOP audits/Quick audits in the operating room (p.7-8). The application Bug.control (smartphone/PC) was made available at the end of 2024 (p.6).

5. The 2023 surveillance data shows a hospital consumption of 312 DDJ/1000 hospital days; the incidence of EBLSE, which rose from 27 to 71 cases/100,000 patient days between 2008 and 2016, has stabilised between 52 and 54 cases (2019-2022), with a peak of 58 in 2020 related to Covid-19 (p.10).

3. ACTION POINTS FOR LOCAL ACTORS

1. Consult and exploit the list of ~300 BUA tools from the RéPIA (p.7-8) before building any internal support: the update of the section "Key Tools: BUA in healthcare establishments" was scheduled for March 2025.

2. In ESMS, deploy the tool DAMRI (p.7) to map infectious risks, measure its level of control and build a prioritised action plan — supported by the dedicated national webinar from PRIMO.

3. In healthcare establishments, use Eva-Gex to structure an improvement plan on the management of excreta as long as free access is open (until September 2025, p.7) — beyond this date, access is not guaranteed: anticipate data export.

4. Disseminate internally the application Bug.control (p.6) and the multimodal toolboxes MATIS ("Hand Hygiene", "Faecal Hazard", "Prevention of Respiratory Infections", p.5-6) to healthcare staff and non-healthcare staff.

5. In pharmacies and primary care, integrate daily the TROD sore throat/cystitis allowing dispensing without a prescription (p.9), relying on the regularly updated ministerial FAQ.

6. Relay the World Awareness Week (18-24 November) and the annual summary "One Health" (p.5) as a key moment for internal communication — materials already produced, to be reused without recreating.

Identified unmet need: the report indicates some persistent difficulties in recruitment and assembling territorial teams (p.9), with no operational solution proposed. The HR strained structures will not find an answer to this structural barrier here.

4. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES

1. Extension of the national strategy until 2027: The monitoring of antibiotic consumption is integrated into the national policy to combat antibiotic resistance, the axes and action plans of which are defined by the national strategy 2022-2025 extended until 2027, and in the interministerial roadmap 2024-2034. It is the Health Insurance (ameli.fr) that formulates this extension in its news from November 2025. 🔗 https://www.ameli.fr/infirmier/actualites/l-annee-2024-marque-un-rebond-de-la-consommation-d-antibiotiques Ameli

2. 2025 edition of the summary "One Health" (18/11/2025) and rebound of consumption in 2024: Two concordant sources:

• ANSM — This new edition of the summary "One Health" is part of the dynamics of the interministerial roadmap 2024-2034; in human health, antibiotic consumption increased in 2024, marking a break with the trend of moderate decline observed between 2014 and 2023. The page explicitly refers to the summary dated 18/11/2025.
  🔗 https://ansm.sante.fr/actualites/semaine-mondiale-de-sensibilisation-a-la-resistance-aux-antimicrobiens-la-collaboration-entre-les-acteurs-se-poursuit-pour-lutter-de-maniere-efficace-contre-lantibioresistance Ecology
• Health Insurance (ameli.fr) — same observation: overall, in human health, antibiotic consumption increased in 2024, marking a break with the trend of moderate decline observed between 2014 and 2023.
  🔗 https://www.ameli.fr/laboratoire-d-analyses-medicales/actualites/l-annee-2024-marque-un-rebond-de-la-consommation-d-antibiotiques ANSM

1. Public Health France — Summary "One Health": Prevention of antibiotic resistance (November 2024). Supplement data: detailed results of human/animal/environmental monitoring. 🔗 https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/actualites/lutte-prevention-contre-resistance-aux-antibiotiques-etat-lieux-2024
2. Interministerial roadmap 2024-2034 "Prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance" (September 2024). Parent strategic framework, 5 components / 17 objectives, One Health approach. 🔗 https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/politiques-publiques/feuille-route-2024-2034-prevention-reduction-antibioresistance
3. RéPIA / Repias Network — Network for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Operational access point to the tools of national missions (MATIS, PRIMO, SPARES, SPICMI, SPIADI) mentioned in the report. 🔗 https://www.preventioninfection.fr

(The three URLs have been verified as active as of the date of the brief.)

5. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)

1. What is the reference framework for this assessment and is it still relevant?

The national strategy 2022-2025, broken down into 9 axes / 42 actions / 100 sub-actions, is now included in the interministerial roadmap 2024-2034 (p.3). ⚠️ Note: the 2022-2025 strategy has since been extended until 2027 (information subsequent to the document — see final check).

2. What free tools can I mobilise right now in the establishment?

The list of ~300 BUA tools from RéPIA, Eva-Gex (excreta), PREOP/Quick-audit audits (block), MATIS toolboxes and the Bug.control application (p.6-8).

3. What to do in nursing homes or in the disability sector?

Mobilise DAMRI to map risks, rely on PRIMO educational materials (patient transport, procedures in case of AES) and the support campaign from Health Insurance aimed at healthcare and non-healthcare staff (p.7).

4. Can pharmacists really dispense antibiotics without a prescription?

Yes, since June 2024, for angina and cystitis in women under 65, after positive TROD (p.9). A dedicated ministerial FAQ is available.

5. Where can resources be found to raise public awareness?

E-Bug (downloadable educational resources, from a young age), the Antibio'Malin space transferred to PRIMO in 2024, and the website antibiotiques.gouv.fr (p.5).

6. How do antibiotic consumption and resistance stand?

In 2023: 312 DDJ/1000 JH in establishments; EBLSE stabilised between 52 and 54 cases/100,000 JH (2019-2022) after a marked increase 2008-2016 (p.10). Data available on Geodes and MedQual-ville.

7. What environmental dimension is taken into account?

Dispensation by unit (mandatory in case of shortage since the LFSS 2024), 2024 revision of the HCSP guide on DASRI-A, and revision of the Afnor standard NFX 30-503 (p.11-12).

6. REWRITING IN EASY TO READ LANGUAGE

What is this document?

It is a report from the State. It talks about the year 2024. The subject is antibiotic resistance.

What is antibiotic resistance?

Antibiotics are medications. They treat infections caused by bacteria. Sometimes, they no longer work. It is said that the bacteria resist. This is a danger to health.

What is the State doing?

The State has a plan for 2022 to 2025. This plan has 9 main ideas. The State has created many tools. These tools help healthcare professionals.

What are these tools?

• An app called Bug.control. It helps manage risks.
• A list provides nearly 300 free tools.
• Rapid tests exist for angina and cystitis.

A new rule for pharmacists.

From June 2024, the pharmacist can give an antibiotic without a prescription. But they first conduct a rapid test. The test must be positive.

What is going well and what is going less well.

79% of hospitals are using hand gel properly. But there is a lack of staff in the teams. This is a problem for action on the ground.

7. CROSS-ANALYSIS — VALUES OF HEALTH PRACTICES

• Literacy: yes, partially — E-Bug, Antibio'Malin and the public posters target different levels of understanding (p.5), but no easy-to-read version is mentioned in the document.
• Empowerment: low — patients are mainly subjects of measurement (audit pulp'friction collecting the experience of 7428 patients/residents, future patient perception indicator), not co-designers (p.6-7).
• Participation: present at the institutional level through working groups, steering committees and consultations, but no co-construction with end users.
• Community health: integrated by the ‘One Health’ approach (human/animal/environmental collective dimension) and public campaigns (p.5, p.11).
• Ethics: little addressed — cultural or social biases in access to care are not identified in the document.
• Human rights: addressed indirectly through support for access to antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries (p.12-13).
• Intersectorality: strong — central pillar of the report (inter-ministerial, One Health, EU-JAMRAI 2, PROMISE).
• Partnership : formalised — national missions, CPias/CRAtb networks, joint European action coordinated by Inserm (p.12-13).
• Fight against discrimination : absent — the document does not address inequalities of access or non-judgment; a blind spot to note for use in health promotion.

8. EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF THE RESOURCE

Scientific relevance : high. Official institutional source (MSAS/MMPIA), sourced surveillance data (SpF, HAS, national missions), quantifiable and verifiable samples (464, 290, 625 establishments according to the campaigns). Limitation: resistance data pertaining to 2023, thus slightly delayed from publication.

Operational relevance : medium. The document effectively directs towards real and free tools, but remains an inventory: no detailed usage procedure, no prioritisation between tools, no feedback on implementation experience. One must then seek each resource on the cited sites.

10. STRATEGIC HASHTAGS

#healthpractices #AntimicrobialResistance #InfectionPrevention #ProperUseOfAntibiotics #OneHealth #HealthPrevention #PatientSafety #PublicHealth